Aufrufe
vor 1 Jahr

World and Press August 2 2022

Original Pressetexte aus britischen und US-amerikanischen Medien Sprachtraining, Landeskunde, Vokabelhilfen und Übungsmaterial für Fortgeschrittene Sprachniveau B2 - C2

2 Opinion Page

2 Opinion Page August 2 2022 | World and Press comment I’ve already wasted too much energy calorie-counting – pass the chorizo! FOOD • POLICY Printing calories on menus forces people to either stay at home or stop caring. Training | mündl. Prüfung By Zoe Williams 1 IT WAS A sunny Saturday and my first experience of calories on menus. I can now tell you that prawns are low in calories, chorizo is high, and salt and pepper squid is surprisingly energyrich – though this is not surprising to me because I am a woman of a certain vintage, and we can all tell you how many calories are in absolutely everything, so long as it was in common usage by 1985 – in other words, not seitan. 2 The calories in/calories out model – the fitness industry now calls calorie counting “If It Fits Your Macros”, which conveys something huge about modern life – tyrannised my youth. Even if you pretended not to care, or actually didn’t care, you could still rate any given food item at 50 paces. You could name everything that looked healthy but was highly calorific, everything that was more or less calorie neutral, all the miracle foods that did high satiety for low energy load, all the foods that were discreetly low calorie (cottage cheese was so obvious). There were so many numbers and properties all neatly filed away in millions of brains. 3 I hate to think how much other, more useful information was displaced by this nerdy, selfhating food-spotting, though I have a fair idea. Years later, I used to do a quiz for hen nights with one round called The Wonderful World of Men; you had to point north, throw a ball of paper into a bin, correctly identify a Sten gun, and down a can of Foster’s under timed conditions. All of those skills had been lost by a generation fixated on getting to the bottom of whether or not celery took more calories to digest than it delivered to the body. 4 Anyway, at some point in the intervening million years, people started to ask, if this was so damn simple, and all you had to do was use more energy than you ate, why didn’t calorie counting work? In quiet corners of the world, ignoring the cacophony of “it’s all about willpower, stupid”, scientists working on the obese mouse model discovered the hormone leptin, which led to a much deeper understanding of appetite and lethargy. 5 A clearer picture also emerged of the role of protein, and the relative hormonal impacts of glucose and fructose. For brevity, your body doesn’t care about your bookkeeping, your appetite doesn’t care whether you’re beach-ready, and the main driver of obesity is not your pathetic lack of backbone, but rather, food manufacturing processes that add a load of sugar to everything for the purposes of longer shelf life. If that completely upends your natural ability to regulate your intake, well, so be it and ker-ching! 6 So, I want to say that this government initiative of printing calories on menus is a pointless move that will have no impact. Yet, that’s not quite true – it is disastrous for people with eating disorders, who are already working full tilt to overcome their anxiety just by coming to the restaurant, and are now confronted with a system that reinforces calorie fixation and creates a sense that their every choice is exposed and scrutinised. It is quite a useful insight into just how bad policy can be, when it’s not interested in the problem, only in appearing to be interested. 7 While I was choosing prawns and chorizo and salt and pepper squid, because I genuinely don’t care, the broadcaster Sophy Ridge was sharing a menu on Twitter, where the calorie counts were head-spinning: pork belly came in at 2,500, a side of cauliflower cheese at nearly 500; you could only energy-neutralise this meal with ten solid hours of weight training, and you would still have change for a Wordle (another youth fixation: exactly how many calories were used by thinking). 8 A theory: restaurants, knowing this new rule is stupid, are subverting it by rounding up, to create a world in which you either have to go home, or stop caring. Hospitality is smart and imaginative, in piquant contrast to the rules that govern it. © 2022 Guardian News and Media Ltd 0 – 2 POLICY Richtlinien — squid Tintenfisch — vintage “"vIntIdZ‘ Jahrgang; h.: Altersgruppe — to convey “k´n"veI‘ vermitteln — to rate bewerten — at 50 paces auf 50 Schritte (Entfernung) — calorific “Ækœl´"rIfIk‘ kalorienreich — satiety “s´"taI´ti‘ Sättigung — discreetly unaufdringlich — property Eigenschaft — to file away im Gedächtnis behalten 3 to displace verdrängen — self-hating von Selbsthass erfüllt — hen night Junggesellinnenabschied — Sten gun Sten- Maschinenpistole — to down in e-m Zug leer trinken — under timed conditions bei laufender Stoppuhr — to fixate on s.th. “fIk"seIt‘ s. auf etw. fixieren; s.w.u. fixation Fixierung — celery Sellerie — to digest “daI"dZest‘ verdauen 4 in the intervening years “Æ--"vi…nIN‘ im Laufe der Jahre — cacophony “k´"kÅf´ni‘ Missklänge; Krach — willpower Willensstärke — stupid Idiot — obese “´U"bi…s‘ fettleibig; s.w.u. obesity Fettleibigkeit — leptin Leptin — lethargy “"leT´dZi‘ Trägheit 5 hormonal impact “hO…"m´Un´l‘ hormonelle Auswirkung — for brevity “"brev´ti‘ der Kürze halber — bookkeeping Buchhaltung — main driver Hauptfaktor — pathetic “p´"TetIk‘ erbärmlich — backbone Rückgrat — food manufacturing “Æmœnj´"fœktS´rIN‘ Lebensmittelherstellung — for the purposes of zum Zwecke von — shelf life Haltbarkeit — to upend “-"-‘ auf den Kopf stellen — to regulate regulieren — intake Nahrungsaufnahme — ker-ching! “k´"tSIN‘ Klingeln (der Kasse) 6 pointless witzlos — disastrous “dI"zA…str´s‘ katastrophal — eating disorder Essstörung — full tilt mit aller Kraft — to overcome überwinden — anxiety “œN"zaI´ti‘ Angst — to reinforce “Æri…In"fO…s‘ verstärken — to expose preisgeben — to scrutinise “"skru…tInaIz‘ unter die Lupe nehmen — insight Einblick 7 genuinely “"dZenjuInli‘ wirklich — broadcaster Rundfunksprecher(in) — head-spinning schwindelerregend; überwältigend — pork belly Schweinebauch — side Beilage — cauliflower cheese “"kÅlIflaU´‘ Blumenkohlgratin — solid h.: voll — weight training Krafttraining 8 to subvert “s´b"v‰…t‘ untergraben — to round up aufrunden — hospitality Gastgewerbe; Bewirtung — imaginative “I"mœdZIn´tIv‘ einfallsreich — in contrast to im Gegensatz zu — piquant “"pi…k´nt‘ pikant mit Interpretation impressum ISSN 0509-1632 | Cartoon: Dave Granlund, PoliticalCartoons.com World and Press erscheint 2 × monatlich (Juli und Dezember als Doppelausgabe) in der Carl Ed. Schünemann kg · Die Sprachzeitung · Schünemann-Haus 28174 Bremen Telefon: +49(0)421.36903-76 Fax: +49(0)421.36903-48 www.sprachzeitungen.de info@sprachzeitungen.de Verantwortliche Redakteurin Katrin Günther Redaktionsleitung Sprach zeitungen Melanie Helmers Redaktion Siobhan Bruns Sebastian Stumpf Franziska Lange Aletta Rochau Carol Richards Jessica Stuart Gestalterische Konzeption www.bmalx.de Layout & Umbruch Christoph Lück, Jens Buchholtz Druck Druckzentrum Nordsee GmbH Die in World and Press veröffent lichten Artikel bringen Meinungen der zitierten Zeitungen, aber nicht in jedem Fall die der Redaktion zum Ausdruck. Textkürzungen vorbehalten. | By special arrangement with proprietors of copyrights. Copyright strictly reserved under the Berne Convention © 2022 Kündigungs bedingungen Nach Ablauf des ersten Bezugsjahres ist das Jahresabo monatlich kündbar. Das Schnupper abo geht über in ein Jahresabo, wenn es nicht spätestens einen Monat vor Ablauf gekündigt wird. | Es gelten unsere aktuellen AGB. Datenschutz Die personenbezogenen Daten werden auf der Basis der geltenden Datenschutzgesetze, insbesondere der EU-Datenschutzgrundverordnung (DSGVO) sowie des Bundesdatenschutzgesetzes (BDSG), zweckgebunden erhoben und verarbeitet. Wir geben Ihre Daten nur weiter, soweit ein Gesetz dies vorschreibt oder wir Ihre Einwilligung eingeholt haben. Die personenbezogenen Daten sind für die Lieferung Ihrer Sprachzeitung erforderlich. Unsere Informationen zum Datenschutz nach Art. 13 und Art. 14 der EU-DSGVO können Sie über unsere Kontaktdaten einsehen oder anfordern.

World and Press | August 2 2022 The era of cheap and plenty may be ending PRICES • GLOBALIZATION Supplies of goods are coming up short in the pandemic, and prices have jumped. Some economists warn that the changes could linger. mit Übungen | Sprechen By Jeanna Smialek and Ana Swanson 1 FOR THE past three decades, companies and consumers benefited from cross-border connections that kept a steady supply of electronics, clothes, toys, and other goods so abundant it helped prices stay low. But as the pandemic and the war in Ukraine continue to weigh on trade and business ties, that period of plenty appears to be undergoing a partial reversal. Companies are rethinking where to source their products and stocking up on inventory, even if that means lower efficiency and higher costs. If it lasts, such a shift away from finetuned globalization could have important implications for inflation and the world’s economy. 2 Economists are debating whether recent supply chain turmoil and geopolitical conflicts will result in a reversal or reconfiguration of global production, in which factories that were sent offshore move back to the United States and other countries that pose less of a political risk. If that happens, a decades-long decline in the prices of many goods could come to an end or even begin to go in the other direction, potentially boosting overall inflation. Since around 1995, durable goods such as cars and equipment have tamped down inflation, and prices for nondurable goods like clothing and toys have often grown only slowly. 3 Those trends began to change in late 2020 after the onset of the pandemic, as shipping costs soared and shortages collided with strong demand to push car, furniture, and equipment prices higher. While few economists expect the past year’s breakneck price increases to continue, the |Infographic: Statista question is whether the trend toward at least slightly pricier goods will last. 4 The answer could hinge on whether a shift away from globalization takes hold. “It would certainly be a different world – it might be a world of perhaps higher inflation, perhaps lower productivity, but more resilient, more robust supply chains,” Jerome Powell, the Federal Reserve chair, said at an event last month when asked about a possible move away from globalization. Still, Powell said, it is not obvious how drastically conditions will change. “It’s not clear that we’re seeing a reversal of globalization,” he said. “It’s clear that it’s slowed down.” 5 The period of global integration that prevailed before the pandemic made many of the things Americans buy cheaper. Computers and other technology made factories more efficient, and they chugged out sneakers, kitchen tables, and electronics at a pace unmatched in history. Companies slashed their production cost by moving factories offshore, where wages were lower. The adoption of steel shipping containers, and ever larger cargo ships, allowed products to be whisked from Bangladesh and China to Seattle and Tupelo, Mississippi, and everywhere in between for astonishingly low prices. 6 But those changes also had consequences for U.S. factory workers, who saw many jobs disappear. The political backlash to globalization helped carry former President Donald Trump into office, as he promised to bring factories back to the United States. His trade wars and rising tariffs encouraged some companies to move operations out of China, although typically to other low-cost countries like Vietnam and Mexico. 7 The pandemic also exposed the snowball effect of highly optimized supply chains: Factory shutdowns and transportation delays made it difficult to secure some goods and parts, including semiconductors that are crucial for electronics, appliances, and cars. Shipping costs have soared by a factor of ten in just two years, erasing the cost savings of making some products overseas. 8 Starting late in 2020, prices for washing machines, couches, and other big products jumped sharply as production limitations collided with high demand. Inflation has only accelerated since. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has further snarled supply chains, raising the prices of gas and other commodities in recent months and helping to push the Fed’s closely watched inflation index up 6.6% over the year through March. … 9 There are still questions about whether – in light of what companies and countries have learned – major products will return to the steady price declines that were the norm before the coronavirus. It is not clear yet to what extent factories are moving closer to home. A “reshoring index” published by Kearney, a management consulting firm, was negative in 2020 and 2021, indicating that the United States was importing more manufactured goods from low-cost countries. But more firms reported moving their supply chains out of China to other countries, and American executives were more positive about bringing more manufacturing to the United States. 10 Long-run population changes could also compound the effects of a slowdown or pullback in globalization, pushing up prices by making labor more expensive. By 2050, one in six people worldwide will be older than 65, according to United Nations estimates, up from one in 11 in 2019. That aging means that, after decades in which a newly global pool In Focus 3 of labor made employees cheap and easy to find, recent worldspanning labor shortages could last. That could push up wages, and companies may pass elevated labor costs along to customers by raising prices. 11 “Demography and the reversal of globalization mean that a great deal of it is likely to be permanent – clearly not all,” Charles Goodhart, an emeritus professor at the London School of Economics, said of pandemic-era price and labor issues. “There will be structural forces raising inflation for probably the next two to three decades,” he said. 12 Some disagree. Adam Posen, president of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, pointed out that plenty of workers were available in parts of South Asia, Africa, and Latin America. And inflation has been weak in Japan for decades, despite its much older population. Nor would a decline in globalization necessarily add to inflation in the long run, he said. By slowing growth, it could lead to less demand and price increases. … © 2022 The New York Times Company This article originally appeared in The New York Times. A2 – B2 Diagramme, Tabellen, Karten, Infografiken Charts & Co. Trainingsheft in Englisch 72 Seiten, DIN A4, Softcover ¤ 16,90 [D] ISBN 978-3-7961-1073-3 www.sprachzeitungen.de 0 TO COME up short nicht ausreichen — economist Volkswirt(in) — to linger “"lINg´‘ bleiben; anhalten 1 steady stetig — abundant “´"bønd´nt‘ im Überfluss — to weigh on s.th. etw. belasten — business ties Geschäftsbeziehungen — to undergo erleben — partial “"pA…S´l‘ teilweise — reversal “rI"v‰…s´l‘ Umkehr — to source beziehen — to stock up on s.th. s. mit etw. eindecken — shift away Abkehr — fine-tuned fein abgestimmt — implications “ÆImplI"keIS´nz‘ Folgen 2 to debate diskutieren — supply chain turmoil “"t‰… mOIl‘ Turbulenzen in den Lieferketten — reconfiguration “Æri… k´nÆfIg´"reIS´n‘ Umgestaltung — to send offshore ins Ausland verlagern — to pose darstellen — to boost in die Höhe treiben — durable goods “"djU´r´b´l‘ Gebrauchsgüter — equipment Geräte — to tamp down niedrig halten — nondurable goods Verbrauchsgüter 3 onset Ausbruch — shipping costs Versandkosten — to soar “sO…‘ sprunghaft ansteigen — shortage “"SO…tIdZ‘ Mangel — to collide “k´"laId‘ aufeinanderprallen — demand Nachfrage — breakneck rasant — pricy teuer 4 to hinge on “"hIndZ‘ davon abhängen — to take hold bleiben; s. etablieren — resilient “rI"zIli´nt‘ widerstandsfähig — Federal Reserve US-Zentralbank — chair Vorsitzende(r); Chef(in) — drastically radikal — to slow down s. abschwächen 5 to prevail “prI"veIl‘ vorherrschen — to chug out ausstoßen — pace Tempo — unmatched unerreicht — to slash drastisch reduzieren — adoption Einführung — shipping container Container — cargo ship Frachter — to whisk rasch befördern — astonishingly “´"stÅnISINli‘ erstaunlich 6 backlash Gegenreaktion — to carry into office ins Amt verhelfen — trade war Handelskrieg — tariffs “"tœrIfs‘ Zölle — operation Betrieb; Niederlassung — low-cost country Billigland 7 – 8 to expose offenlegen — shutdown Schließung — to secure beschaffen — semiconductor “ÆsemIk´n"døkt´‘ Halbleiter — crucial “"kru…S´l‘ entscheidend — appliances “´"plaI´nsIz‘ Geräte — limitation Einschränkung — to accelerate “´k"sel´reIt‘ s. beschleunigen; zunehmen — to snarl durcheinanderbringen — commodities “k´"mÅd´tiz‘ Rohstoffe 9 to what extent in welchem Ausmaß — reshoring “Æri…"SO… rIN‘ Rückverlagerung der Produktion aus dem Ausland — management consulting Unternehmensberatung — to indicate “"IndIkeIt‘ andeuten — manufactured “Æmœnj´"fœktS´d‘ gefertigt; s.w.u. manufacturing Fertigung 10 –12 long-run langfristig — to compound “k´m"paUnd‘ verstärken — pullback Rückzug — labor Arbeit(skräfte); s.w.u. labor costs Arbeitskosten — aging “"eIdZIN‘ Alterung — worldspanning weltweit — to elevate “"elIveIt‘ erhöhen — structural forces strukturelle Kräfte

World and Press