6 Britain
6 Britain January 2 2023 | World and Press Stonehenge exhibition highlights similarities between ancient British and Japanese cultures EXHIBITION The parallels suggest the communities are ideologically closer than one might imagine. By Steven Morris 1 THE TREASURESon display range from the spectacular – a cooking pot made 5,000 years ago, decorated with a ceramic representation of dancing flames – to the intriguing, such as lovingly crafted models of mushrooms that might suggest the ancient makers were interested in the mind-altering properties of fungi. Gathered in an exhibition room at Stonehenge, around 80 objects made in Japan during the Jōmon period, roughly the same time the great stone circle on Salisbury Plain was built, highlight some beguiling parallels between two cultures separated by thousands of miles. 2 The exhibition, ‘Circles of Stone: Stonehenge and Prehistoric Japan’, reveals that prehistoric people in southern Britain and in Japan took great trouble to build stone circles, appear to have marked and celebrated the passage of the sun, and felt moved to come together for festivals or rituals. 3 “Of course, they couldn’t possibly have any idea what each other was doing,” said Martin Allfrey, senior curator for English Heritage. “But it is tantalising to look at what these extraordinary An example of a Jōmon cooking pot. | Photo: Getty Images/Sepia Times objects from Japan tell us about the similarities between these communities who were perhaps ideologically closer than one might imagine. Exploring what is happening elsewhere in the prehistoric world is key to understanding the significance of Stonehenge.” 4 At about the time Stonehenge’s builders were creating the monument, their Japanese counterparts were coming together to make sites such as the Ōyu Stone Circles in northern Japan. These do not feature the sort of hulking standing stones that Stonehenge is famous for but rather large circles made of thousands of river pebbles. Like Stonehenge, they appear to be aligned to mark solstices. 5 Star of the show at Stonehenge is the Jōmon cooking pot, which Simon Kaner, executive director of the Sainsbury Institute for the Study of Japanese Arts and Cultures, explained would have been placed in the fire of a Jōmon dwelling near the Shinano River. He pointed out the black marks that show it was used for making, perhaps, a fish stew. “Imagine sitting around the fireplace as a meal bubbled away in this. It must have cast the most extraordinary shadows,” he said. This is the first time the pot has gone on display outside Japan. 6 Finds made at the Japanese stone circles suggest people came together for feasts and venerated their ancestors, just like the people who constructed Stonehenge. The scale of their creations meant that both the ancient Britons and Japanese people must have been able to bring together large numbers of people to co-operate on ambitious, important projects. 7 Geography may have something to do with the parallels. The UK and Japan flank the Eurasian landmass at roughly the same latitude, meaning they have similar climates and natural resources, which both peoples exploited and adapted. 8 However, there are objects on display at the exhibition that have been found in Japan with no equivalent at Stonehenge, such as the mushrooms, a model of what appears to be a bear, delicate pieces of jewellery, and an object with holes punched into it that seem to represent numbers. 9 Also featured are fragments of dogū, clay figurines that have been found at Jōmon settlements and stone circles and may have represented earth goddesses or spirits and been used in fertility or healing rituals. It is believed that many dogū were intentionally broken and scattered during ceremonies. 10 Kaner and Allfrey agree that this does not mean that the Japanese builders were more advanced than their Stonehenge counterparts – after all, the Neolithic people of Wiltshire built a hugely sophisticated monument. “It may be that objects like these were created here, but we haven’t found them yet,” said Allfrey. … © 2022 Guardian News and Media Ltd 0 – 1 INTRIGUINGs.w.u. beguiling faszinierend — to craft fertigen — mind-altering bewusstseinsverändernd — property Eigenschaft — fungi Pilze 2 – 4 to take great trouble to do viel Mühe aufwenden zu tun — passage Lauf — to feel moved to do s. bewogen fühlen zu tun — English Heritage engl. Denkmalschutzorganisation — tantalising verlockend — counterpart h.: Zeitgenosse(-in) — hulking massig — river pebble Flusskiesel — solstice Sonnenwende 5 – 8 executive director Geschäftsführer(in) — dwelling Wohnstätte — stew Eintopf — to bubble köcheln — to cast shadows Schatten werfen — to venerate verehren — to flank liegen an — latitude Breitengrad — to exploit nutzen — delicate filigran — to punch stanzen 9 – 10 clay figurine Tonfigur — goddess Göttin — fertility Fruchtbarkeit — to scatter verstreuen — Neolithic jungsteinzeitlich — hugely hoch- — sophisticated komplex Most expensive Jane Austen novel sells for £375,000 BOOKS By Steven Morris 1 AN INSCRIBEDcopy of a Jane Austen novel has become the most expensive of the author’s works ever sold after being bought for £375,000 and will go on public display in the UK for the first time. 2 The unique first edition of ‘Emma’ – which carries the handwritten message “from the author” – achieved the highest sale price for any printed work by the novelist. The three-volume edition has been deposited at Chawton House, Hampshire, the former home of the author’s brother, Edward, and now a research institution specialising in women’s An engraved portrait of Jane Austen. | Photo: Getty Images/Bettmann writing, after its American buyer insisted it stay in the UK. 3 Peter Harrington, the London rare book dealers, said it was the only presentation copy of an Austen novel with a written inscription known to exist. As was the custom, the book is inscribed by the publisher rather than Austen herself and was presented to her friend Anne Sharp, who was governess to Edward’s children. 4 Pom Harrington, the owner of Peter Harrington, said: “The buyer of this unique copy of Austen’s ‘Emma’ expressed his wish for the work to stay in England. We immediately thought of Chawton House – given its connections to both Austen and her brother Edward. Chawton House’s support of early women’s literature made it the perfect choice, as Sharp served as confidante, cheerleader, and sometime critic of Austen’s works. 5 “She was part of the intimate circle among whom Jane circulated copies of her novels and recorded their responses. Jane took Anne’s reactions to her novels seriously, asking her to be ‘perfectly honest’ in her assessments, and noted her comments in her logbook.” 6 The curator of Chawton House, Emma Yandle, said: “When we heard the book had been sold, we were worried it was going to disappear to America.” Katie Childs, the chief executive of Chawton House, said: “We’re delighted such a significant work of Jane Austen’s will take its place amongst the literary treasures in our collection.” The book is due to go on display at Chawton House early next year. © 2022 Guardian News and Media Ltd 0 – 4 INSCRIBED …… mit Widmung — to deposit aufbewahren — rare book dealers Antiquariat — presentation copy Widmungsexemplar — inscription Widmung — governess Gouvernante — given in Anbetracht — confidante Vertraute — cheerleader Unterstützer(in) 5 – 6 intimate eng — to circulate herumgeben — assessment Beurteilung — logbook h.: Notizbuch — chief executive Direktor(in)
December 2019 ¤ 5,00 [d] IN FOCUS • Opinion: Dismantling the myth of America • Canada: Pipeline expansion divides tribes Pages 2/3 USA • Society: Young America replaces God with community • Nature: Indiana Dunes National Park Pages 4/19 BRITAIN • Society: British life expectancy is falling • Monty Python: BBC bosses were not amused Pages 6/22 B1–C2 OTHER TOPICS • Australia: Coastal erosion • No 23|24 • 71st Year of Publication • Originalartikel aus The Guardian, The Times, The New York Times, The Washington Post und anderen Sprachtraining • Landeskunde • Vokabelhilfen • Übungsmaterial State governments in the US are considering banning flavoured tobacco products that health experts say are intensifying Scholars believe they have identified John Milton’s copy of the First Folio, the first complete edition of Shakespeare’s an epidemic of nicotine addiction. plays. • No 23|24 • 72nd Year of Publication • December 2020 Read more on Originalartikel page 5 aus The Read Guardian, more on page The Times, 7 The New York Times, The Washington Post und anderen ¤ 5,00 [d] B1–C2 POLLUTION IN FOCUS Public health emergency • Opinion: Johnson’s was declared after air pollution push for no levels deal will go off harm the charts, the UK reports Hannah Ellis-Petersen Page 2 mit Übungen | Sprechen USA • Police: Black police chiefs face criticism on all sides • Climate change: www.phase6.de/wp/2420 Die Nr.1 unter den Vokabeltrainern. ¤5,60 [a] CHF9,00 [ch] clared and has remained in place for the past five days. The streets have emptied, schools remained closed, and many did not go into Sprachtraining • Landeskunde work • Vokabelhilfen on Monday morning as the • Übungsmaterial air quality index remained in the category of “severe”. 5 Monday also saw the temporary introduction of a scheme The United Nations, In the thick, toxic clouds the world’s preeminent international of Venus, our closest planetary where cars with odd and even institution, celebrated threequarters neighbour, scientists have discovered a gas that is associated number plates can only drive on of a century since its founding in alternate days, which authorities subdued fashion. with life • on No Earth. 23 | 24 • 73rd Year of Publication • say will take 1.2m cars off Delhi’s December 2021 Read more on page 3 Original roads Read each day. Pressetexte more However, on page aus most 19 britischen und US-amerikanischen Medien in the city were highly sceptical € 5,00 [d] about the plan, which will only be in place for two weeks. 6 “They did this scheme twice before, and it is pointless,” said Amit, a driver. “I am not supposed to be taking my car out today, but Sprachtraining I am just taking the • Landeskunde back roads • Vokabelhilfen • Übungsmaterial and short cuts to avoid the traffic officers. All the other drivers on Stockton beach Tax dollars to move U.S. PRESIDENCY Joe Biden will rely on institutions I know Emma are doing and Raducanu relationships the same. Yes, Many restaurants claim • Kashmir: The football club communities out of pollution is a terrible problem … Real Kashmir flood zones to govern a fractured nation, write Katie Glueck and galvanized Thomas the Kaplan. British public mit with Übungen to be | Sprechen the birthplace of the hamburger. B2–C2 but this her temporary triumph in scheme the U.S. is not Open. The But it seems chopped meat served Pages 4/5 • Business: Fewer tourists 1 going to change anything. We THIRTY-THREE years ago, 18-year-old tennis star showcases the cal and between social upheaval. or inside But bread if the is nearly as Hindu women had to immerse themselves in the IN polluted FOCUS waters of the Yamuna River. need real action from the government.” coming to America he was the fast-talking junior diversity of a more complex Britain. country, ancient the political as civilization. parties, and | Photo: BRITAIN Picture Alliance/Reuters senator • from Opinion: Delaware The Queen with a Washington have changed since Die Nr.1 unter den Vokabeltrainern. 7 • Mining: Lithium find In a city such as Delhi, where chip on his deserves shoulder, better desperate from her Read more on page 12 Read more on page 18 to Biden, now 77, arrived in the • Language: Trump’s Twitter 1 IT in WAS Cornwall meant to spurs be a hopes in the toxic foam of the bring myself to do it fully, though poverty and homelessness is rife prove his family gravitas during a brief, Senate as a 30-year-old widower war on spelling ceremony of regeneration to bring good Yamuna, so thick and my friends took a full dip even and millions make their living ill-fated • In presidential Focus: Post-Merkel run. The era in 1973, some of his attitudes – • Art: Lee Krasner health and prosperity. But frothy from industrial with the smell. My legs were itching after a while, and I had to go had the option of taking shelter on the sides of the roads, not all • Monarchy: the thousands Royal family next time needs around, radical in new 2008, direction, he about governing and about his and domestic pollution it • Music: The Lakota Music of women ‘are who a bargain’ gathered at £85m was the says seasoned studyforeign policy fellow Americans – have hardly made the water resemble home and take a bath.” in homes or driving cars equipped hand and Project in the Pages waters of 6/7 Delhi’s Yamuna River on the city’s most irony that this was a ritual meant polluted city has taken a toll on 8 At his stall selling chickpeas a putrid Pages veteran bubble 2/3 lawmaker who changed at all. bath. The 4 Living in the world’s most with air purifiers. strained to capture the imagination of Democratic presidential TECHNOLOGY The social network said the change defiantly was champions part of compro- its 6 He still reveres institutions, Pages 8/9/10/13/17/18 polluted OTHER day in TOPICS three years, to to give thanks to the sun god for almost every one of its 20 million citizens, bet especially on a next since digital the gar, frontier north Delhi, called Dinesh the Raj said metaverse. mise, and sees politics more in on the roadside of Kamla Na- primary USA voters. mark the ancient Hindu festival sustaining life earth was not • Gibraltar: 2 As he • weighed Reparations: a third attempt terms of relationships than ideology. He has insisted that with of Chhath Puja, instead had to lost on her. Hindu festival of Diwali, which both his health and his business Europe’s pandemic at the presidency Charleston last seeks year, to many atone By Mike Isaac Get the immerse themselves in the toxic 3 “I stood for an hour in the prompted a severe deterioration was suffering. “I generally earn wedding hot spot Democrats for sins feared of slavery he was too Trump out of office, Republicans waste, while inhaling air so thick water to offer prayers, but it was in air quality. As the air pollution around 400 to 500 rupees per vocabulary trainer! with smog • Business: that it went Trump’s late. Too • Lifestyle: old, too moderate, The too 1 FACEBOOK rose to prominence over the past two decades working with Democrats – a view will have an “epiphany” about off the pollution very oily, dirty, and had a bad levels reached catastrophic levels – almost 10 times above the I have only sold three plates, and day, but after the bad pollution, ‘Buy charts. 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Cohen who served spanned a half-century of politi- Continued on page 12 that began in the Nixon era and before. of a deadly pandemic. • Business: What can 3 The move punctuates how companies do to retain CEO Mark Zuckerberg plans to re- 0 staff? focus his Silicon Valley company 5 With the change, Zuckerberg the next major social platform PRESIDENT-ELECT designierte(r) Präsident(in) • Upcycling: — to shape prägen Will consumers — to rely on s.th. “mi"œnd´rIN‘ gewunden; abschweifend — to excite tion Krönung — to span s.th. s. über etw. erstre- moderate “"mÅd´r´t‘ gemäßigt — meandering 4–5 to invest in s.o. auf jdn. setzen — culmina- on what he sees as the next digital telegraphed that his company and that several tech companies “rI"laI‘ auf etw. setzen — to govern regieren — fractured “"frœktS´d‘ gespalten of disparate im Aufwind digital — rooted worlds verwurzelt into — networking, civil höflich which — ower Facebook “"wId´U´‘ has Witwer years. — fellow On American Monday, amerik. 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Thursday at a virtual event to ite universe melding online, vir- remain a giant business, generat- www.phase6.de/wp/2421 Die Nr.1 unter den Vokabeltrainern. €5,60 [a] CHF9,00 [ch] showcase Facebook’s technological bets of the future. “Over time, I hope we’re seen as a metaverse company.” 0–2 TO RENAME umbenennen — bet Wette — frontier “frøn"tI´‘ Grenze; h.: (fig) Dimension — to rise to prominence “"prÅmIn´ns‘ Berühmtheit erlangen — recognizable “"rek´gnaIz´b´l‘ erkennbar — unmistakable “ÆønmI"steIk´b´l‘ eindeutig; untrüglich — overhaul “"--hO…l‘ Generalüberholung — to de-emphasize s.th. h.: den Schwerpunkt von etw. wegnehmen — corporate logo Firmenlogo — infinity-shaped “In"fIn´ti‘ in Form e-s Unendlichkeitssymbols — askew “´"skju…‘ schief 3–5 to punctuate “"pøNktSueIt‘ (fig) unterstreichen — to refocus neu ausrichten — unification tual, and augmented worlds that people can seamlessly traverse. He has said that this concept, known as the metaverse, can be ing more than billion in annual revenue and serving more than 3.5 billion people globally. 8 The timing of the name Vereinigung — disparate “"dIsp´r´t‘ grundverschieden — to distance s.th. from s.th. e-e S. von etw. abgrenzen — to showcase präsentieren — to telegraph signalisieren — fundamentally im Wesentlichen — tenable “"ten´b´l‘ vertretbar 6 to commit to h.: s. konzentrieren auf — composite “"kÅmp´zIt‘ umfassend — to meld kombinieren — augmented “O…g"mentId‘ erweitert — seamlessly nahtlos — to traverse “tr´"v‰…s‘ durchqueren — intent Absicht — player Akteur — division Geschäftsbereich 7–9 to evolve into s.th. zu etw. weiterentwickeln change has a double advantage. Facebook has grappled with some of the most intense scrutiny in its history in recent weeks. Lawmakers and the public have criticized its Instagram photo-sharing app for hurting some teenagers’ selfesteem, and the company has faced questions for its role in amplifying misinformation and stirring unrest with inflammatory content. 9 The outcry reached a fever pitch after Frances Haugen, a former Facebook employee, leaked internal documents that showed how much the company knew about the harmful effects it was Continued on page 12 — billion Milliarde — annual revenue “"rev´nju…‘ Jahresumsatz — to grapple with s.th. mit etw. zu kämpfen haben — scrutiny “"skru…tIni‘ Untersuchung; Kontrolle — lawmaker Abgeordnete(r) — self-esteem Selbstwertgefühl — to amplify “"œmplIfaI‘ verstärken; hervorheben — to stir unrest zu Unruhen aufstacheln — inflammatory “In"flœm´t´ri‘ hetzerisch — outcry “"--‘ Aufschrei — fever pitch (fig) Siedepunkt; große Aufregung — to leak enthüllen — harmful schädlich World and Press | January 2 2023 Britain 7 ‘There’s not many left now’ IMMIGRATION The tide that brought millions across the Irish Sea has reversed. What’s changed? mit Übungsmaterial By Rory Carroll, James Tapper, and Pamela Duncan 1 THEY CROSSEDthe Irish Sea in their millions, seeking a new life, and in the process reshaped Britain, building motorways and cities, filling churches, clubs, and pubs, and stamping their identity on the landscape and the culture. The Irish came in waves that started in the 19th century and continued through the Great Depression, the post-war boom, the swinging 60s, the Thatcher era, and into the 21st century, one of the great migrations. 2 Many were unskilled labourers, or navvies; others were plumbers, teachers, nurses, dentists, writers, and entertainers. Some became famous – Oscar Wilde, Fiona Shaw, Graham Norton – or had children who became famous – Shane MacGowan, Morrissey, Piers Morgan. 3 However, last week brought confirmation that the Irish community, for so long Britain’s biggest source of immigration, is withering. Census figures showed the number of Irishborn people living in England and Wales last year numbered 324,670, a fall of 80,000, or 20%, from a decade ago, when they numbered 407,357. The UK’s Office for National Statistics says this is a long-term trend that started in 1961, when the Irish-born population peaked at 683,000, more than double the current number. Once the biggest group of those born outside the UK, the Irish are now fifth behind India, Poland, Pakistan, and Romania. 4 “You see it in the Irish centres – an ageing, dying demography,” said Peter Shirlow, director of the University of Liverpool’s Institute of Irish Studies. Neighbourhoods that once teemed with Irish arrivals – such as the London district of Kilburn, nicknamed Irish neighbors pose for a photo in Aston, Birmingham, UK, in 1969. | Photo: Getty Images/Mirrorpix A man stands in front of a London Irish pub, wrapped in an Irish flag. | Photo: Getty Images/Justin Tallis County Kilburn – are barely recognisable, said Shirlow. “If you go back there now, there are Australian bars, French and Italian restaurants. The Irish bars are all gone or commodified.” 5 Irish immigrants continue to arrive, their numbers fluctuating according to the economic opportunities in Ireland and the UK, but not in big enough numbers to replenish the older ones who are dying off. It is a slow-motion, tectonic change. 6 The scale of the Irish influx into Victorian Britain lowered wages and divided the working class. Karl Marx observed: “The ordinary English worker hates the Irish worker as a competitor who lowers his standard of life.” The satirical magazine ‘Punch’ depicted the Irish as ape-like criminals with too many children. Outright racism ebbed, but discrimination endured while the bulk of arrivals were working class. IRA bombings in England in the 1970s and 80s renewed suspicion and resentment. 7 The Irish wove tight bonds by clustering in certain areas, meeting at church, and socialising in pubs and Irish centres, said Shirlow. “It was a very coherent and at times very supportive environment. You could connect and have a sense of identity away from home.” 8 That began to change in the 1990s when more arrivals were well-educated professionals – financiers, scientists, academics who had less interest in Catholicism or venues adorned with tricolours and sepia-tinged photos. They socialised with – and often married – British colleagues. Attendance at traditional Irish pubs and centres dwindled. “That has severe ramifications for the older community – we see a lot of isolation and mental health and care issues,” said Shirlow. “But there is also a point here to celebrate. It’s as if the Irish have arrived: they don’t need to hive themselves off. They’ve found the confidence to be citizens of the UK.” 9 Bernard Purcell, editor and managing editor of the ‘Irish World’, a weekly London-based paper, said the numbers of Irishborn may be shrivelling, but their children and grandchildren are thriving in business, the arts, and sport. “It’s not as homogenous, but the Irish community is alive and well. There are many Irish people in this country with English accents.” Purcell noted the irony of the rugby club London Irish becoming a feeder for the England team. “It shows the nature of integration.” 10 Donal Corbett, chair of the London branch of the Gaelic Athletic Association, was phlegmatic about the changes. “We have a lot of youth players. We have a number of clubs who have their own London-born teams, and that’s thriving. We’re looking at second-, third-, fourth-, or fifth-generation players.” 11 For old-timers like Peggy O’Donoghue, who is originally from County Kerry, the dwindling number of Irish people in Cricklewood, north-west London, is a sad thing. “There’s not many left now,” she said, standing inside Carters card shop, which sells rosaries as well as stationery. “I suppose the youth are not coming over. It would be nice to have a few more. It’s only elderly people in Cricklewood now.” 12 Most of the institutions O’Donoghue knew are gone, including Eddie’s Newsagents and the Galtymore dance hall, where performers Joe Dolan and Big Tom McBride would pack in the punters from 1952 onwards. “We were there Friday, Saturday, Sunday. All the Irish people in London would be there. You’d fall out of the Galty at 2am or 3am, and you’d be fine. Some of them would get picked up by the police – we’d call it Paddy’s taxi.” … © 2022 Guardian News and Media Ltd Ein guter Jahrgang! Bestellen Sie die Jahrgangsausgaben ab 2019 zum Sonderpreis. | Photo: Getty Images Delhi residents blame authorities for inaction | Image: United Nations A president-elect shaped by tragedy and tradition | Photo: NYT nur ¤ 39,60* | Photo: Getty Images Facebook renames itself Meta | Photo: Getty Images | Photo: Getty Images | Photo: Unsplash nur ¤ 29,–* CD mit Übungsmaterial + Audio-mp3 * Versand im Inland portofrei. Preis pro Jahrgang. www.sprachzeitungen.de 0 – 2 TIDE Strom — to reverse s. umkehren — in the process dabei — to reshape umgestalten — Great Depression Weltwirtschaftskrise in den 1930er-Jahren — unskilled labourer; navvy (coll) Hilfsarbeiter(in) — plumber Klempner(in) 3 – 4 to wither (fig) dahinschwinden — census figures Volkszählungsdaten — to peak seinen Höchststand erreichen — Romania Rumänien — to teem with h.: bevölkert sein von — to commodify verkaufen 5 – 6 to fluctuate schwanken — to replenish h.: ersetzen — tectonic change (fig) weitreichende Veränderung — influx Zustrom — to depict darstellen — ape-like affenartig — outright offen — bulk Großteil — resentment Feindseligkeit 7 – 8 to weave tight bonds (fig) enge soziale Netze knüpfen — to cluster s. konzentrieren — to socialise Kontakte pflegen — coherent in s. geschlossen — professional Fachkraft — financier Banker(in) — to adorn schmücken — tricolour h.: die irische Flagge — sepia-tinged in Sepiatönen; alt — to dwindle zurückgehen — ramification Auswirkung — to hive o.s. off s. abkapseln 9 – 12 editor Chefredakteur(in) — managing editor Chef(in) vom Dienst — to shrivel schrumpfen — to thrive erfolgreich sein — feeder Zulieferer — chair Vor sitzende(r) — Gaelic Athletic Association irischer Sportverband — phlegmatic gelassen — old-timer Alteingesessene(r) — rosary Rosenkranz — stationery Schreibwaren — newsagents Zeitschriftenladen — to pack in the punters (fig) viele Gäste anziehen
