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World and Press June 1 2022

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8 World June 1 2022 | World and Press Australia’s clever birds did not consent to this science experiment SCIENCE • BIRDS The magpies showed their smarts by helping one another remove tracking harnesses that scientists carefully placed on them. mit Audiodatei und By Anthony Ham 1 THE AUSTRALIAN MAG- PIE is one of the cleverest birds on Earth. It has a beautiful song of extraordinary complexity. It can recognize and remember up to 30 different human faces. But Australians know magpies best for their penchant for mischief. An enduring rite of passage of an Australian childhood is dodging the birds every spring as they swoop down to attack those they view as a threat. 2 Magpies’ latest mischief has been to outwit the scientists who would study them. Scientists showed in a study published last month in the journal ‘Australian Field Ornithology’ just how clever magpies really are and, in the process, revealed a highly unusual example in nature of birds helping one another without any apparent tangible benefit to themselves. 3 In 2019, Dominique Potvin, an animal ecologist at University of the Sunshine Coast in Australia, set out to study magpie social behavior. She and her team spent around six months perfecting a harness that would carry miniature tracking devices in a way that wasn’t intrusive for magpies. They believed it would be nearly impossible for magpies to remove the harnesses from their own bodies. 4 Potvin and her team attached the tracking devices, and the birds flew off, showing no signs of obvious distress. Then everything began to unravel. “The first tracker was off half an hour after we put it on,” she said. “We were Übungsmaterial An Australian magpie drinking from a swimming pool in Sydney. | Photo: David Gray/The New York Times literally packing up our gear and watching it happen.” 5 In a remarkable act of cooperation, the magpie wearing the tracker remained still while the other magpie worked at the harness with its beak. Within 20 minutes, the helping magpie had found the only weak point – a single clasp, barely one millimeter long – and snipped it with its beak. Potvin and her team later saw different magpies removing harnesses from two other birds outfitted with them. 6 The scientists took six months to reach this point. Within three days, the magpies had removed all five devices. “At first it was heartbreaking,” Potvin said, “but we didn’t realize how special it was. We went back to the literature and asked ourselves, ‘What did we miss?’ But there was nothing because this was actually new behavior.” 7 The only similar example of what Potvin described as “altruistic rescue behavior” – in which birds help other birds without receiving tangible benefits in return – was when Seychelles warblers helped other members of their social group escape from sticky seed clusters in which they had become entangled. 8 The magpies’ behavior was, Potvin said, “a special combination of helping but also problemsolving, of being really social and having this cognitive ability to solve puzzles.” 9 “It’s probably partly why they’re so successful in our changing environment on farms and in urban areas,” she said. “They’ve managed to figure things out in a new way.” 10 The Australian magpie is a large black-and-white perching songbird, or passerine, that inhabits nearly 90% of mainland Australia. It is a common presence in parks and backyards across the country. Remarkably, magpies can recognize the faces of as many as 30 people, which is the average number who live within a magpie’s territory. “Very rarely do magpies attack more than one or two people,” said Darryl Jones, a magpie expert at Griffith University. “It’s the same individual people that they attack each time.” 11 As Sean Dooley, public affairs manager of BirdLife Australia, put it, “If you think it’s personal, you’re right.” If more than 30 people pass through a bird’s territory, “they actually start stereotyping people,” Dooley said. He added, “People who resemble 10-year-old boys are much more likely to be swooped, because those are the kids who are more likely to be throwing sticks and stones, shouting and chasing and running at magpies.” … © 2022 The New York Times Company This article originally appeared in The New York Times. 0 – 1 TO CONSENT“-"-‘ einwilligen — magpie Elster — smarts (AE, coll) Intelligenz — tracking harness “"hA…n´s‘ Geschirr mit Peilsender — penchant for “"pA)…NSA)…N‘ Vorliebe für — mischief “"mIstSIf‘ Unfug — enduring beständig — rite of passage Übergangsritus; h.: Ritual — to dodge ausweichen — to swoop down (im Sturzflug) herabstoßen 2 – 3 to outwit überlisten — journal “"dZ‰…n´l‘ Fachzeitschrift — ornithology “ÆO…nI"TÅl´dZi‘ — in the process dabei — tangible “"tœndZ´b´l‘ erkennbar — animal ecologist “i"kÅl´dZIst‘ Tierökologe(-in) — to set out to do s. vornehmen zu tun — to perfect “-"-‘ perfektionieren — tracking device; s.w.u. tracker Peilsender — intrusive “In"tru…sIv‘ störend 4 – 6 distress Unbehagen — to unravel “øn"rœv´l‘ schiefgehen — gear Ausrüstung — remarkable bemerkenswert — beak Schnabel — clasp Verschluss — to snip zerschneiden — to outfit ausstatten — to be heartbreaking ein harter Schlag sein 7 – 9 altruistic “Æœltru"IstIk‘ selbstlos — Seychelles warbler “seI"Selz ÆwO…bl´‘ Seychellen-Rohrsänger — sticky klebrig — seed cluster Samenkugel — to become entangled s. verfangen 10 – 11 perching bird “"p‰…tSIN‘ Vogel mit Krallen, die an das Sitzen auf Ästen angepasst sind — songbird Singvogel — passerine “"pœs´raIn‘ Sperlingsvogel — to inhabit bewohnen — mainland Australia das australische Festland — to be a common presence überall anzutreffen sein — backyard (AE) Garten — public affairs manager Leiter(in) der Öffentlichkeitsarbeit — personal persönlich gemeint — to stereotype “"steri´taIp‘ abstempeln — to resemble “rI"zemb´l‘ ähneln The mountain Denali in Alaska. | Photo: Bryson Beaver/ Unsplash A Russian lawmaker wants Alaska back ALASKA By Iris Samuels 1 A RUSSIANparliament member has called for the return of Alaska to Russia, prompting a quick dismissal from Alaska politicians and others. The statement came as Russian President Vladimir Putin has attempted to rewrite history in an effort to explain away his war in Ukraine. But Russia has not seriously considered reclaiming Alaska since the territory was sold to the U.S. for .2 million in 1867, and Putin himself indicated in 2014 that he had no interest in retaking Alaska. 2 Still, on a Sunday news program in Russia, parliament member Oleg Matveychev included Alaska in a list of demands in response to the war in Ukraine and the economic harm caused to the country by U.S. sanctions. “Let’s think about reparations. The harm these sanctions caused us cost money. Return of possessions, including possessions of the Russian Empire, Soviet Union, and even parts of Russia that are now occupied by the United States,” Matveychev said in the interview. 3 “What about the return of Alaska and Fort Ross?” the host asked, a reference to a former Russian outpost on the California coast north of San Francisco. “This is my next point – recognizing Alaska, Fort Ross, and Antarctica,” he said. “We actually discovered it, so it rightfully belongs to us.” 4 Historians point out that Russia’s hold on Alaska was not very strong even before the territory was purchased by the U.S. Also, Russia was eager to get rid of the land in the 19th century as the Russian Empire faced economic downturn and struggled to defend the territory. 5 Alaska and Fort Ross made up what was called Russian America. The largest number of Russians in the territory never exceeded 600 people, according to historian Stephen Haycox, an emeritus professor of history at the University of Alaska Anchorage. “Alaska was simply too far away and too expensive to think of defending,” Haycox said. 6 Andrei Znamenski, a historian at the University of Memphis, said this type of demand is brought up occasionally by Russian politicians because of its nationalist appeal, rather than any rooting to reality. … © 2022 Anchorage Daily News. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC. übungsmaterial digital Im Abo PREMIUM 20% günstiger Jetzt upgraden! 0 – 3 LAWMAKER Abgeordnete(r) — to call for fordern — to prompt a (quick) dismissal “dI"smIs´l‘ (sofort) abgelehnt werden — to reclaim s.th. etw. wieder für sich beanspruchen — to indicate signalisieren — reparations Entschädigung; Reparationen — possessions “p´"zeS´nz‘ Eigentum — to occupy “"Åkj´paI‘ besetzen 4 – 6 historian Historiker(in) — economic downturn Wirtschaftsabschwung — to exceed s.th. “Ik"si…d‘ über etw. hinausgehen — Anchorage “"œNk´rIdZ‘ — occasionally “´"keIZ´n´li‘ gelegentlich — appeal Wirkungskraft — rather than any rooting to reality statt etw. mit der Realität zu tun zu haben

World and Press | June 1 2022 Sri Lanka 9 Sri Lankan women’s quiet surfing revolution SOCIETY Women and girls have challenged conservative attitudes in the hallowed surf spot of Arugam Bay. mit Audiodatei Sri Lankan surfer Anne Jayamanne carries a surfboard while at an Arugam Bay surfing competition in September 2020. | Photo: Getty Images But rather than stopping altogether, the remaining women took their club underground and would meet secretly on the beach and go on clandestine surf trips to other parts of the island. Finally in 2017, after the Surfing Federation of Sri Lanka was set up, there was a pathway for their own official surf club, and in August 2018 Arugam Bay Girls Surf Club was born. 11 They now have about a dozen core members, ranging from ages 13 to 43. Though they have broken through many of the local taboos, many of the women still face a backlash from their families and communities. Nandini Kaneshlingam, a 43-year-old mother of four whose husband killed himself in 2011, said she suffered so much stigma over being a mother and widow in her 40s on a surfboard that she almost quit the club several times. 12 But having persisted at the insistence of the other women, Kaneshlingam said that surfing had given her a new lease of life. “It was my children who came and pushed me on to waves,” she said. “After my husband died, I was very sad and things were very difficult, but with surfing, it made me feel happy again.” … © 2022 Guardian News and Media Ltd By Hannah Ellis-Petersen 0 – 3 HALLOWED “"hœl´Ud‘ geheiligt — boisterous “"bOIst´r´s‘ tosend — to long for s. sehnen nach — strictly out of bounds streng verboten — to be at the forefront of s.th. (fig) an der Spitze von etw. stehen — to sweep (fig) erfassen — to hit the waves surfen 4 – 7 knock Türklopfen — her native … aus ihrer Heimat … — to assure “´"SO…‘ versichern — to have a taste for s.th. (fig) an etw. Geschmack finden — natural Naturtalent — to take after s.o. nach 1 GROWING UPin a small fishing village along the east coast of Sri Lanka, Shamali Sanjaya would often sit on the beach and look out at the boisterous waves. She would watch in envy as others, including her father and brother, grabbed surfboards, paddled out into the sea, and then rode those waves smoothly back to shore. “I longed for it in my heart,” she said. 2 But as a local woman, surfing was strictly out of bounds for her. In Sri Lanka’s conservative society, the place for women was at the home, and it was only the men, or female tourists, who were allowed to ride the hallowed waves in Arugam Bay, considered Sri Lanka’s best surf spot. 3 Yet now, as a 34-year-old mother of two and with another baby on the way, Sanjaya is at the forefront of a quiet female surfing revolution that has swept not just her village but the whole country. In 2018, she helped set up Sri Lanka’s first all-female surf club in Arugam Bay and in 2020 competed in Sri Lanka’s first womenonly category in a national surfing competition. At four months pregnant, she’s still hitting the waves several times a week, and plans to compete again after her baby is born. 4 It began in 2011 with a knock from a neighbour. Tiffany Carothers, a surfing enthusiast and mother of two who had just moved in next door from her native California, asked Sanjaya if she wanted to come surfing. It didn’t matter that she’d only tried it once before, Carothers assured her, they’d lend her a board and give her some lessons. 5 Once she had a taste for the waves, Sanjaya could not be stopped. She proved to be a natural, taking after her father, who had once taught surfing, and her brother, who is a national surf champion. “When I surf, it is such a happy feeling for me,” she said. “I am filled with this energy, I feel so strong. Life is full of all these headaches and problems, but as soon as I get into the water, I forget about it all.” 6 Yet she faced fierce disapproval, particularly from her brother. Their parents had died when she was seven and he was protective of his sisters, believing that their place was inside the home. “My brother told me that it is not our culture for women to be surfing, that I should stay inside and do the cooking and cleaning,” said Sanjaya. 7 In 2015, after interest from other women in the village, Carothers decided to set up an event to teach more local girls in Arugam Bay how to surf. She and Sanjaya went house to house, talking to women and their families to persuade them to come along. 8 Initially, many parents were reluctant, fearful about safety and that surfing meant partying, drugs, and alcohol, or that, in a jdm. kommen — fierce “fI´s‘ heftig — disapproval “ÆdIs´"pru…v´l‘ Ablehnung; Missbilligung — to be protective of s.o. “pr´"tektIv‘ jdn. beschützen wollen 8 – 9 reluctant “rI"løkt´nt‘ zögerlich — to subscribe to a view “s´b"skraIb‘ e-e Ansicht vertreten — outdated veraltet — to equate to s.th. “I"kweIt‘ mit etw. gleichzusetzen sein — to disrespect (coll) missachten — gathering Treffen — to swirl “sw‰…l‘ umherwirbeln; h.: lauter werden — to pull s.o. in (coll) jdn. verhaften; h.: jdn. zur Rede stellen — society that still subscribes to outdated views of light skin equating to beauty, being out in the sun would darken their daughters’ skin. “We told them we never do anything that disrespects our culture,” said Sanjaya. “We don’t wear bikinis, we don’t drink, it is just about getting into the waves.” 9 The first event proved so popular that they decided to make it a weekly gathering. But as gossip and local disapproval began to swirl, Carothers was pulled in by the Sri Lanka Tourist Board. “They accused me of trying to change the culture, that girls in Sri Lanka don’t surf, and if I wanted to help their families I should give them sewing machines,” she said. “They threatened to kick my family out of the country if they saw me teaching surf lessons to girls.” 10 The police also began questioning the members, asking whether Carothers was giving them alcohol and drugs, and over half the girls stopped attending. tourist board Fremdenverkehrsamt — to kick s.o. out (coll) jdn. herauswerfen 10 – 12 to take s.th. underground etw. in den Untergrund verlegen — clandestine “klœn"destIn‘ heimlich — federation “Æfed´r"eIS´n‘ Verband — pathway (fig) Weg — core member Stammmitglied — backlash Gegenreaktion — to persist “p´"sIst‘ weitermachen — at the insistence of “In"sIst´ns‘ auf Drängen von — a new lease of life (fig) neuer Lebensmut 978-3-15-014136-6 Reclams Rote Reihe Niveau B1 – C1 Englische Literatur im Original NEU Ungekürzte und unbearbeitete Originaltexte, mit Worterklärungen am Fuß jeder Seite, Nachwort und Literaturhinweisen. www.reclam.de/lehrerservice Unser Service für Lehrer* Bestellung von Prüfexemplaren mit 30% Rabatt Exklusive Sonderangebote Regelmäßige Informationen über Neuerscheinungen Kostenlose Downloads von Unterrichtshilfen Informationen und Bestellungen über lehrerservice@reclam.de Reclam * Gilt aus preisbindungsrechtlichen Gründen nur für Lehrer*innen an allgemeinbildenden Schulen.

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