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6 BritainJune 2 2023 |

6 BritainJune 2 2023 | World and PressKing Charles supports study ofroyal family’s slavery linksHISTORY Monarchtakes issue ‘profoundlyseriously’ and hasexpressed sorrow atsuffering, says Palace.By Jack Blackburn andValentine Low1 OXBRIDGE colleges, theBank of England, the NationalTrust – the list of British institutionsreconsidering their linksto slavery is lengthy, but it hasjust acquired its biggest possiblemember in the form of the Crown.The decision by the King to supportresearch into the royals andslavery has set a precedent thatcould create a deluge of historicalinquiries into the royal past. Itis causing concern as to what theconsequences may be, but a leadingimperial historian has saidthat today’s royals had “no needto feel worried” about such investigations.2 Historic Royal Palaces is assistingCamilla de Koning, aDutch academic, with her PhDthesis on the role of the Royal AfricanCompany, the slavery monopolywhich was established bytwo British kings.3 However, having startedwith slavery, the royals will findother areas where their past maybe examined unfavourably. Forinstance, there has been controversythis year over their ownershipof the Koh-i-Noor diamond,which India and other countrieslay claim to. This is just one ofmany potential issues over “extractedwealth” from former dominions.4 As such, the King’s decisionwill seem courageous to many.There are worries as to how thePalace can respond to this researchand whether its findingswill amplify calls for reparations.However, Alex von Tunzelmann,a historian of empire nominatedfor the Wolfson History Prize,said the King’s decision was welcome,and the Palace should feellittle cause for disquiet. “No onetoday thinks the present royalfamily were personally responsiblefor slavery,” she said. “Butsomething they can take responsibilityfor is how they addressand deal with that history today.That’s why I think this is a positivemove.” …5 De Koning’s PhD is entitled“Royal Enterprise: Reconsideringthe Crown’s Engagement inBritain’s Emerging Empire, 1660–1775”. Her experience while atthe University of Leiden includesresearch into the Dutch involvementin the slave trade. The Palacesaid: “This will, of course, bevery relevant to researching theperiod 1689–1702, the reign ofWilliam III, the Dutch Stadtholder,and Queen Mary II.”6 De Koning said: “I hope to findmore information on how the royalsthought and spoke about theslave trade and wider imperialeconomies they were involved in.”She added: “Doing this researchis important, as gaining moreknowledge on this subject allowsus to put the monarchy back inimperial history: they were notjust signing decrees and stampingwarrants without knowing whatwas happening.” …7 There will be more to discussbeyond the limit of her PhD. ByA Londonanti-monarchyactivistprotests againstKing Charles IIIin March 2023.| Photo: MarkKerrison/GettyImages1775, the East India Companywas yet to reach the zenith of itspowers in India, and in the 19thcentury, Queen Victoria was togain much from the subsequentRaj. Investigations on that subjectwould be very delicate indeed.The Indian government isalert on post-imperial matters,and royal-sanctioned researchinto the subject is likely to causea diplomatic nightmare.8 For now, there is nothing todo but wait and see what happenswith this first bit of royalreappraisal. De Koning said shehoped to trace how the monarchyinvested in the slave trade,from the establishment of theRoyal African Company byCharles II and his brother, theDuke of York – later James II – in1660, as well as “their engagementin imperial development inother ways”.9 De Koning has two supervisors– Edmond Smith, a seniorlecturer at Manchester, andCharles Farris, public historianfor the history of the monarchyat Historic Royal Palaces. …© The Times, London/News LicensingThis article originally appearedin The Times, London.0 – 1 SLAVERYSklaverei — profoundly zutiefst; ungemein— sorrow Trauer — Oxbridge = Oxford + Cambridge— National Trust brit. Organisation für Denkmalpflegeund Naturschutz — to reconsider überdenken;neu betrachten — lengthy ellenlang — to set a precedente-n Präzedenzfall schaffen — deluge Flut — imperialhistorian auf die Zeit des Empire spezialisierte(r)Historiker(in)2 – 4 PhD thesis Doktorarbeit — unfavourably ungünstig— to lay claim to s.th. auf etw. Anspruch erheben— to extract entnehmen; gewinnen — dominion Herrschaftsgebiet— courageous mutig — to amplify verstärken— disquiet Beunruhigung — to address s.th. mitetw. umgehen5 – 6 to entitle betiteln — emerging aufkommend; aufstrebend— slave trade Sklavenhandel — reign Regentschaft— decree Erlass — to stamp h.: mit dem königl.Siegel versehen — warrant Vollmacht7 – 9 subsequent darauffolgend — Raj Herrschaft Großbritanniensin Indien von 1858 bis 1947 — delicate heikel— alert wachsam — royal-sanctioned mit Zustimmungdes Königshauses — reappraisal Aufarbeitung — totrace zurückverfolgen; herausfinden — senior lecturerHochschuldozent(in)Cambodia’s lootedtreasures returnedSTOLEN ARTEFACTSBy David Sanderson1 DURING THEsavage rule of theKhmer Rouge,hundreds of preciousartefacts wereplundered fromCambodia’s ancienttemples, never to be seen again.Or so it had been feared. One ofthe main suspected culprits wasDouglas Latchford, a British artdealer who, after first visitingthe country’s sacred sites in the1960s, became one of the world’sleading suppliers of Cambodianantiquities to collectors and museums.2 In 2019, he was charged byUS prosecutors with makingmillions of pounds by sellingartefacts via a network of dealersand auction houses but died,aged 88, before he could defendhimself against the allegations.If the authorities thought hisdeath had ended their hopes ofrecovering the loot, they havebeen proved thrillingly wrong,however.3 Last year, Latchford’s daughter,Julia, agreed to donate theantiquities she had inheritedfrom her father. The 125 items,including a crown that appearsto date from the seventh century,are said to be worth million. They have now been returnedto Cambodia and are dueto go on display in the nationalmuseum in Phnom Penh.4 Brad Gordon, head of a Cambodianteam investigating thewhereabouts of looted antiquities,said he was close to tearswhen he was shown the Latchfordhoard. “I was driven by arepresentative of the Latchfordfamily to an undisclosed location.In the parking lot was avehicle with four boxes inside,”he told the BBC. “I felt like crying.I just thought, ‘Wow, thecrown jewels of ancient Cambodiancivilisation packed into fourboxes in the back of a car.’”5 There were 77 pieces of goldandjewel-encrusted jewellery,many of which can be matchedto stone carvings on the wallsAn ancient crown thatDouglas Latchford’s familyrecently returned to Cambodia.| Photo: Wu Changwei/XinhuaNews Agency/Picture Allianceof Cambodia’s best-known landmark,the UNESCO World HeritageSite of Angkor Wat, the largestreligious monument in theworld, whose construction beganunder the Khmer, or Angkorian,Empire in the 1100s.6 Much of the looting took placeduring and after the rule of theKhmer Rouge, the CommunistParty of Kampuchea, in the 1970s,although its sacred sites were alsolooted during the French colonialperiod. …© The Times, London/News LicensingThis article originally appearedin The Times, London.GlossarNeu!The political systemof the UKLerne wichtige Vokabeln zumThema Politisches Systemin Großbritannien.Damit du das Englischabitursicher in der Tasche hast!PDF Download je nur¤ 2,50B2–C2The politicalsystem of the UKglossarywww.sprachzeitungen.de0 – 2 CAMBODIAKambodscha — to loot plündern; rauben; s.w.u. lootRaubgut — treasure Schatz — savage grausam — Khmer Rouge RoteKhmer — main suspected culprit Hauptverdächtige(r) — art dealerKunsthändler(in) — sacred heilig — prosecutors Staatsanwaltschaft — allegationAnschuldigung — authority Behörde — to recover wiedererlangen— thrillingly auf spektakuläre Weise3 – 6 to inherit erben — to be due to do tun sollen — whereabouts Verbleib— hoard Schatz — undisclosed geheim — ...-encrusted mit ... besetzt —stone carvings Steinmetzarbeiten — landmark Wahrzeichen — World HeritageSite Welterbestätte• Die Sprachzeitung •

World and Press | June 2 2023Britain7In Scotland, makingwhisky with energyfrom wind, wood chips,and tidesBUSINESS • CLIMATEScotland’s whisky industry is tryingto go net-zero. It’s not easy.The Nc’nean Distillery is on the Morvern Peninsula, on the west coast ofScotland. | Photos: Emily Macinnes/The Washington PostBy William Boothin Lochaline1 A TIPPLERmight not knowit from the pretty advertisements,which hype the mountainstreams and woolly highlands,but making Scotch whisky canbe a dirty business – an energyintensive,carbon-spewing, peatburningindustry, mostly ownedby multinational conglomeratesthat ship their -plus bottles toswells around the world.2 On the picture-perfect WesternIsles of Scotland famous fortheir whiskies – Islay, Skye, Jura,Arran – the whitewashed distilleriesare often the largest sourcesof greenhouse gas emissionsin their bucolic regions, ahead ofthe diesel ferries and pastures ofbelching sheep. But somethinghead-turning is happening.3 The owners of the 140 distilleriesin Scotland have pledged,voluntarily, to transform the industryand make their operations“net-zero” in carbon emissions by2040, a decade earlier than Britainas a whole and five years earlierthan Scotland has promised.The Scotch Whisky Associationwants consumers to imagine afuture when the old-time distilleriesturn away from fossil fuelsand toward energy generated bywind and wood chips, by oceantides and 21st-century green hydrogen.4 They see a day when whiskymakers will more wisely husbandScotland’s water and better recycletheir waste, and deploy thedregs – the byproducts like draffand pot ale – into a virtuous “circulareconomy” of fertilizer, animalfeed, and biofuel. Soon, theyhope, those road-hogging busesthat trundle tourists on narrowroads around lochs on whiskytastingtours will run on batteriestopped up at the 30,000 newcharging stations Scotland haspromised by 2030.5 Whether the whisky businesswill be able to pull this off, and doit so quickly, is uncertain. … ButScotland’s distillers have somethings going for them. They’vegot deep pockets in a rich countrywith big green ambitions. Theycan benefit from Scotland’s shiftto renewables, and they have thefinancial resources to give theirnet-zero experiments a go. Scotchwhisky is the United Kingdom’ssingle largest food and drink export,with annual sales valued at.5 billion in 2022.6 Scottish distilleries also take along view. They are part of a traditionthat goes back centuries,and they think in decades, producingspirits that often spend 12years or more maturing in casks.They can see clearly that there isonly one direction to go.7 It helps that international energyproducers have descendedon Scotland to make eye-popping,billion-dollar investments,which envision the coastal waterscovered by vast wind farmspumping electricity to shore,with some of that electricity divertedto make commercial greenhydrogen, one of the holy grailsfor a net-zero world. Those windfarms will be located just offshorefrom the whisky isles. Piggybackingon Scotland’s green transition,the whisky sector here hasreduced its carbon emissions bymore than half since 2009, as ithas gone from consuming justtwo percent renewable energy to39 percent renewable in 2022.8 The industry is making itsown investments, too – withmixed results. The ArdgowanDistillery, partnering with a universityand an engineering company,has pledged to be “carbonnegative” in its operations by nextyear, by developing technology tocapture all the CO 2 in its fermentationprocess and transformingThe glass used for Nc’neanbottles is made from post-consumerrecycled glass.Trees are felled on the Nc’nean estate to powerthe copper stills used in distillation.it into green bio-methane. Thatwould be remarkable. Today,most distilleries just vent theircarbon dioxide directly into theatmosphere, as there is no marketfor it. …9 The Bruichladdich Distil lerymade news when it pledged togo net-zero even sooner than2030. But the company’s chief executive,Douglas Taylor, told ‘TheWashington Post’ this is muchharder than he imagined. “We’rea drinks company. We’re not anenergy company,” Taylor said.“We don’t own a wind turbine ortidal machine.”10 He said he wants his companyplaying its part in a sustainable,diverse, rural ecosystem. Hisdistillery is the largest employeron Islay, with 117 workers. Taylorbuys most of his barley locally,which reduces his carbonfootprint. But in an early bid toreduce carbon emissions, thedistillery tried an anaerobic digestionsystem to produce fuel.It failed. The distiller switchedfrom using heavy oil to mediumoil to a commercial heating oil. Alittle cleaner? Yes. But a long wayfrom net-zero. Taylor said they’vewanted to install hydrogen-readyboilers, but there is no hydrogenavailable yet on the island. …11 The irreducible fact, saidAnnabel Thomas, founder ofNc’nean Distillery, is that somekind of fuel has to boil the mashand distill the alcohol. “You can’tget rid of the boiler – like youcan’t get rid of the jet engine onan airplane,” said Thomas, whoruns a boutique operation on theMorvern Peninsula in the WesternHighlands, set on her family’sgorgeous estate with stunningviews of the white caps out onthe loch. In the old days, the energyto heat the kettles came fromcoal. Today, it’s from natural gasor fuel oil – the oil typically transportedby diesel tankers plyingthe seas and then by diesel trucksmoving along narrow farm roads.12 Thomas said she has thoughta lot about the future – the futureof the planet and her future sales.High-end whisky is a luxury, sheknows, an indulgence. “And ifthe industry doesn’t change, wewill lose younger generations,”she said. Her family had planteda commercial tree plantation onthe property 40 years ago, and shethought, why not? “It becomesvery simple,” she said. “Harvestthe trees, put them through thewood chipper, and feed them tothe boilers, replant the trees.” …13 One of the early decisions theNc’nean Distillery made was thatthey would not flavor their spiritsby burning peat during the kilningof the malt. Peatlands areconsidered a precious resource.These waterlogged, acidic, lownutrientecosystems are the mostcarbon-dense habitats on Earth.You want to safely store carbonfor a thousand years? Nothingbeats peat. It’s nature’s vault. Butpeat is also central to the deeptraditions of many Scotch whiskies,helping to give them theirsmoky flavor. …14 Peat bogs are disappearing,and they accumulate carbonover centuries – not a year ortwo. Similarly, wood chips arerenewable, but it takes decadesto replace a tree. The challenge isacute enough that even ‘WhiskyMagazine’ – a booster – concluded,“any way you cut it, one ofthe most important ingredientsin whisky making is a fossil fuel– and that’s not even the worstpart.”© 2023 The Washington Post0 – 1 WOOD CHIPHackschnitzel — net-zero klimaneutral— tippler (coll) Person, die gerne Alkohol trinkt — (wild and)woolly ungebändigt — carbon-spewing CO 2 -intensiv (to spewausstoßen) — peat Torf; s.w.u. peat bog Torfmoor — conglomerateGroßkonzern — swell h.: Spirituosengeschäft2 – 3 picture-perfect malerisch — whitewashed weiß getüncht— greenhouse gas Treibhausgas — bucolic ländlich idyllisch— pasture Weide — to belch h.: Methan ausstoßen — headturning(fig) erstaunlich — to pledge s. verpflichten — old-timealteingesessen — hydrogen Wasserstoff4 to husband haushalten mit — to deploy einsetzen —dregs Bodensatz — byproduct Nebenprodukt — draff Treber— pot ale Flüssigkeit nach der ersten Destillation — virtuouscircular economy Kreislaufwirtschaft (virtuous circle positiverKreislauf) — fertilizer Düngemittel — road-hogging (coll) dieStraße in Beschlag nehmend — to trundle h.: kutschieren — totop up (Getränk) auffüllen; h.: aufladen5 – 6 to pull s.th. off (coll) etw. schaffen — to have somethings going for o.s. (fig) einige Vorteile haben — to have deeppockets (fig) viel Geld haben — to give s.th. a go (coll) etw. versuchen— to take a long view (fig) langfristig denken — spiritsSpirituosen — to mature reifen — cask Fass7 – 8 to descend on hereinbrechen über — eye-popping (fig)spektakulär — to envision s. vorstellen — to divert abzweigen— holy grail (fig) ehrgeizigstes Ziel — to piggyback on (fig) s.einklinken bei — transition Wandel — fermentation processGärungsprozess — to vent ablassen9 – 10 tidal machine Gezeitenkraftwerk — sustainable nachhaltig— barley Gerste — carbon footprint CO 2 -Fußabdruck — bidVersuch — anaerobic digestion anaerobe Vergärung — mediumoil Mittelöl — boiler Heizkessel11 irreducible unumstößlich — mash Maische — jet engineTriebwerk — boutique operation kleiner Betrieb — peninsulaHalbinsel — white caps Wellen mit Schaumkronen — naturalgas Erdgas — fuel oil Heizöl — to ply befahren12 – 13 high-end hochwertig — indulgence Genuss — woodchipper Holzhäcksler — to kiln brennen — malt Malz — waterloggedsumpfig — acidic sauer — low-nutrient nährstoffarm— carbon-dense kohlenstoffreich — vault Tresor14 to accumulate speichern — booster Befürworter(in) — toconclude zu dem Schluss kommen — any way you cut it (coll)wie man es auch dreht und wendet

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