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World and Press October 1 2022

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2 Opinion Page October 1 2022 | World and Press By Eboo Patel Our world needs social change agents 1 IN MY EARLY years as an activist, I thought social change was about calling out all the ways that people in power were wrecking the world. Finding my voice meant telling other people what they were doing wrong, as loudly and self-righteously as possible. 2 I came of age in the mid- 1990s, an era where the activist atmosphere had profound similarities to today. I recognize the “tear it down” energy of our moment, the critique-resistdefund-dismantle worldview. 3 I brought my own version of that attitude to a conference on religion and diversity in the late 1990s. I had come seeking the skin-on-the-line justice commitment of faith-based radicals like Dorothy Day, Bayard Rustin, and Malcolm X. Instead, I found old, white, male theologians pontificating from panels. 4 I knew exactly what to do. I stood up, raised my fist, and comment ACTIVISM Here’s how to be an effective activist. Training | mündl. Prüfung called them out. “Where are the young people?” I shouted. “Where is the social action? Where is the true diversity?” There was polite applause from the audience. I imagine they thought that would be the end of it. Often, the easiest way to dismiss young activists is to commend their critique. 5 One adult lingered and approached. “Sounds like you have a vision for an interfaith organization full of young people and focused on social action. That’s powerful. You should build that.” That stopped me in my tracks. Lots of adults had encouraged me to resist the regime, but very few had taken me seriously enough to help me articulate a vision for something new and then challenged me to build it. 6 I’ve spent the last 20 years doing just that. The institution that I’ve built, Interfaith America (founded as Interfaith Youth Core), is about helping the United States achieve its potential as a religiously diverse democracy – with a true range of young people playing a central role. In the past two decades, I have found myself constructing more than critiquing and collaborating more than opposing. My work has been characterized more by an outstretched hand than a raised fist. 7 I have learned an awful lot along the way. It is one thing to critique people in power and another thing to be the one in charge, responsible for the welfare of others. Do people’s lives improve when you are the one running things? Is there less violence, better education, higher wages, more happiness? That’s the real test of effective activism. 8 Our world needs social change agents who recognize that if you pull the pilot out of the cockpit, you had better know how to fly the plane because there are a lot of people counting on you for a safe landing. 9 To paraphrase the counsel George Washington gave Alexander Hamilton in Lin-Manuel Miranda’s musical ‘Hamilton’: Defeating the old regime is easy; building the new system is hard. Getting rid of bad things doesn’t ensure that better things will take their place. I’m a religious person, so I do actually believe there’s a better system waiting in heaven. But it will not magically descend to Earth if you destroy the current system. Surely the world has seen enough Maximilien Robespierres and Ayatollah Khomeinis to know that. 10 It is possible to protest bad things out of existence, but if you want to bring a good thing into existence, you need to build that. Indeed, it is harder to organize a fair trial than it is to fire up a crowd; harder to run a successful school than it is to tell other people that they are doing education all wrong; harder to sustain alternatives to policing that ensure public safety than it is to chant slogans in the street. And yet, every decent society needs fair trials, good schools, and public safety, and that’s just the beginning of the list of institutions and structures that need to be efficiently erected and effectively run in a large-scale diverse democracy. 11 As American political analyst Yuval Levin writes in the book ‘A Time to Build’: Institutions are “the durable forms of our common life. They are the frameworks and structures of what we do together. … The institution organizes its people into a particular form moved by a purpose, characterized by a structure, defined by an ideal, and capable of certain functions.” 12 The good society is defined by effective institutions networked together toward a just and inclusive vision. Who will take responsibility for building these better institutions? How about you? After all, the goal of social change is not a more ferocious revolution; it is a more beautiful social order. We need to defeat the things we do not love by building the things we do. © 2022 Chicago Tribune. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC. A2 – B2 Cartoons interpretieren, Bilder beschreiben Cartoon & Co. Trainingsheft ¤ 14,90 [D] ISBN 978-3-7961-1062-7 www.sprachzeitungen.de 0 – 2 AGENT treibende Kraft — to call out anprangern — to wreck “rek‘ zerstören — self-righteously “Æ-"raItS´sli‘ selbstgerecht — to come of age erwachsen werden — profound “pr´"faUnd‘ tiefgehend; h.: stark — to tear s.th. down etw. niederreißen — to critique “krI"ti…k‘ kritisieren — to defund die Finanzierung entziehen — to dismantle “dI"smœnt´l‘ demontieren 3 – 5 diversity Vielfalt — skin-on-the-line alles aufs Spiel setzend — justice commitment Hingabe an die Gerechtigkeit — theologian “ÆTi…´"l´UdZ´n‘ Theologe(-in) — to pontificate “pÅn"tIfIkeIt‘ dozieren — panel “"pœn´l‘ Podium — to dismiss abweisen — to commend “-"-‘ loben — to linger h.: s. Zeit nehmen — interfaith religionsübergreifend — to stop in one’s tracks (fig) innehalten lassen 6 – 10 to collaborate (with s.o.) (mit jdm.) zus.arbeiten — an awful lot (coll) unheimlich viel — to paraphrase “"pœr´freIz‘ frei zitieren — counsel Rat — trial Prozess — to fire up anheizen — to sustain aufrechterhalten — policing Polizeiarbeit — to chant skandieren — decent “"di…s´nt‘ anständig — to erect “I"rekt‘ aufbauen — large-scale groß angelegt 11 – 12 durable “"djU´r´b´l‘ beständig — framework Gerüst — purpose Ziel — to be capable of h.: übernehmen können — inclusive alle einbeziehend — ferocious “f´"r´US´s‘ brutal impressum ISSN 0509-1632 Global Heat Wave. | Cartoon: Jeff Koterba, patreon.com/jeffreykoterba World and Press erscheint 2 × monatlich (Juli und Dezember als Doppelausgabe) in der Carl Ed. Schünemann kg · Die Sprachzeitung · Schünemann-Haus 28174 Bremen Telefon: +49(0)421.36903-76 Fax: +49(0)421.36903-48 www.sprachzeitungen.de info@sprachzeitungen.de Verantwortliche Redakteurin Katrin Günther Redaktionsleitung Sprach zeitungen Melanie Helmers Redaktion Siobhan Bruns Sebastian Stumpf Franziska Lange Aletta Rochau Carol Richards Jessica Stuart Gestalterische Konzeption www.bmalx.de Layout & Umbruch Christoph Lück, Jens Buchholtz, Britta Leuchtmann Druck Druckzentrum Nordsee GmbH Die in World and Press veröffent lichten Artikel bringen Meinungen der zitierten Zeitungen, aber nicht in jedem Fall die der Redaktion zum Ausdruck. Textkürzungen vorbehalten. | By special arrangement with proprietors of copyrights. Copyright strictly reserved under the Berne Convention © 2022 Kündigungs bedingungen Nach Ablauf des ersten Bezugsjahres ist das Jahresabo monatlich kündbar. Das Schnupperabo geht über in ein Jahresabo, wenn es nicht spätestens einen Monat vor Ablauf gekündigt wird. 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World and Press | October 1 2022 Hip, woke, cool: it’s all fodder for the Oxford Dictionary of African American English LANGUAGE The new lexicon will collect definitions and histories of words. mit Übungsmaterial By Elizabeth A. Harris Henry Louis Gates, Jr., editor-in-chief of the Oxford Dictionary of African American English, at an event in 2019. | Photo: Getty Images 1 THE FIRSTtime she heard Barbara Walters use the expression “shout out” on television, Tracey Weldon took note. “I was like, ‘Oh my goodness, it has crossed over!’” said Weldon, a linguist who studies African American English. 2 English has many words and expressions such as “shout out,” she said, which began in Black communities, made their way around the country, and then through the English-speaking world. The process has been happening over generations, linguists say, adding an untold number of contributions to the language, including hip, nitty-gritty, cool, and woke. Now a new dictionary – the Oxford Dictionary of African American English – will attempt to codify the contributions and capture the rich relationship Black Americans have with the English language. 3 A project of Harvard University’s Hutchins Center for African and African American Research and Oxford University Press, the dictionary will not just collect spellings and definitions. It will also create a historical record and serve as a tribute to the people behind the words, said Henry Louis Gates Jr., the project’s editor-inchief and the Hutchins Center’s director. “Just the way Louis Armstrong took the trumpet and turned it inside out from the way people played European classical music,” said Gates, Black people took English and “reinvented it to make it reflect their sensibilities and to make it mirror their cultural selves.” 4 The idea was born when Oxford asked Gates to join forces to better represent African American English in its existing dictionaries. Gates instead proposed they do something more ambitious. The project was announced in June, and the first version is expected in three years. Although Oxford’s will not be the first dictionary that focuses on African American speech, it will be a well-funded effort – the project has received grants from the Mellon and Wagner Foundations – and will be able to draw on the resources of major institutions. 5 The dictionary will contain words and phrases that were originally, predominantly, or exclusively used by African Americans, said Danica Salazar, executive editor for World Englishes for Oxford Languages. That might include a word such as “kitchen,” which is a term used to describe the hair that grows at the nape of the neck. Or it could be phrases such as “side hustle,” which was created in the Black community and is now widely used. 6 Some of the research associated with making a dictionary involves figuring out where and when a word originated. To do this, researchers often look to books, magazines, and newspapers, Salazar said, because those written documents are easy to date. Resources could also include books such as ‘Cab Calloway’s Cat-ologue: A Hepster’s Dictionary,’ a collection of words used by musicians, including “beat” to mean tired; ‘Dan Burley’s Original Handbook of Harlem Jive,’ published in 1944; and ‘Black Talk: Words and Phrases from the Hood to the Amen Corner,’ published in 1994. 7 Researchers can look to recorded interviews with formerly enslaved people, Salazar said, and to music, such as the lyrics in old jazz songs. Salazar said the project’s editors also plan to crowdsource information, with callouts on the Oxford website and on social media, asking Black Americans what words they’d like to see in the dictionary and for help with historical documentation. “Maybe there’s a diary in your grandmother’s attic that has evidence of this word,” Salazar said. 8 The Oxford English Dictionary has been crowdsourcing since the 19th century, she added. When the first edition was being created, inserts were slipped into books, looking for volunteers to read particular titles, write down phrases they found interesting, and mail them back to Oxford. The editor of the OED received so much mail that he got his own postbox set up in front of his house. 9 Gates explained that the Oxford Dictionary of African American English will not only give the definition of a word but also describe where it came from and how it emerged. “You wouldn’t normally think of a dictionary as a way of telling the story of the evolution of the African American people, but it is,” Gates said. “If you sat down and read the dictionary, you’d get a history of the African American people from A to Z.” 10 Differences in language evolve from separation, said Sonja Lanehart, a professor of linguistics at the University of In Focus 3 Arizona and a member of the dictionary advisory board. Those barriers can be geographical, such as oceans or mountains, she said, but they can also be social or institutional. “In this country,” she said, “descendants of Americans who were enslaved, they grew up, they developed, they lived in separate spaces. Even though they were geographically all in, say, Georgia, their lives and communities within those spaces were very different.” 11 African American English is a variety with its own syntax, word structure, and pronunciation features, said Weldon, dean of the graduate school at the University of South Carolina and a member of the dictionary’s advisory board. But it has long been dismissed as inferior, stigmatized, or ignored. “It is almost never the case that African American English is recognized as even legitimate, much less ‘good’ or something to be lauded,” she said. “And yet it is the lexicon, it is the vocabulary that is the most imitated and celebrated – but not with the African American speech community being given credit for it.” 12 This dictionary will offer many insights, Gates said, but one overarching lesson jumps out. “The bottom line of the African American people, when you read this dictionary,” Gates said, “is that you’ll say these are people who love language.” © 2022 The New York Times Company This article originally appeared in The New York Times. m e s s e • Die Sprachzeitung • Besuchen Sie uns auf der Frankfurter Buchmesse und informieren Sie sich über unsere neuen Produkte! 19.10. – 23.10.2022 Halle 3.1, Stand C14 0 – 2 FODDERStoff — lexicon Wörterbuch; s.w.u. Wortschatz — shout out (coll) öffentl. Grußbotschaft oder Danksagung — to take note aufmerken — oh my goodness du meine Güte — to cross over h.: in den allgemeinen Sprachgebrauch übergehen — an untold number e-e Vielzahl — nitty-gritty (coll) das Wesentliche — to codify “"k´UdIfaI‘ sammeln und verschriftlichen 3 – 4 tribute Hommage — editor-in-chief “ÆedIt´rIn"tSi…f‘; s.w.u. executive editor “Ig"zekj´tIv‘ Chefredakteur(in) — to turn s.th. inside out (coll, fig) etw. auf den Kopf stellen — sensibility “Æsens´"bIl´ti‘ Empfindung — to join forces zus.arbeiten — wellfunded finanziell gut ausgestattet — foundation Stiftung — to draw on zurückgreifen auf — resource “rI"zO…s‘ Quelle 5 – 6 predominantly “prI"dÅmIn´ntli‘ überwiegend — exclusively “Ik"sklu…sIvli‘ ausschließlich — nape of the neck Nacken — side hustle “"-Æhøs´l‘ (coll) Nebenjob — to originate “´"rIdZ´neIt‘; s.w.u. to emerge entstehen — to look to s.th. auf etw. setzen — hood (coll) Nachbarschaft — amen corner “ÆeI"men‘ Ecke in e-r Kirche, in der besonders gläubige Kirchgänger(innen) sitzen 7 – 9 enslaved versklavt — to crowdsource Informationen durch Aufrufe an ein breites Publikum zus.tragen — callout Aufruf — insert “"Ins‰…t‘ Beilage — to slip legen — evolution “Æi…v´"lu… S´n‘ Entwicklung; s.w.u. to evolve entstehen 10 – 11 advisory board “´d"vaIz´ri‘ Beirat — descendant “dI"sen d´nt‘ Nachkomme(-in) — variety “v´"raI´ti‘ Variante — dean Dekan(in) — graduate school “"grœdZu´t‘ Graduiertenschule — to dismiss as abtun als — inferior “In"fI´ri´‘ minderwertig — legitimate “l´"dZIt´m´t‘ legitim — to laud “lO…d‘ loben — to be given credit for s.th. für etw. Anerkennung erhalten 12 insight Einblick — overarching “Æ--"rA…tSIN‘ übergreifend — to jump out (fig) herausstechen — bottom line Quintessenz

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